FOR THE MEDICAL PRACTITIONER
Dentistry
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2026-28-2-544-554
EARLY PREOPERATIVE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF NEWBORNS AND INFANTS WITH UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

A.Z. ABDURAKHMONOV1, M.A. POSTNIKOV2, S.I. GAZHVA3, G.B. MADIEVA4, A.N. SAIDUMAROV5

1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
2Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
3Department of Dentistry, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
4City Maternity Hospital No. 2 of the Dushanbe City Health Department, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
5Clinical Training Center of Dentistry, Khatlon State Medical University, Dangara, Republic of Tajikistan

Objective: o study the effectiveness of early preoperative orthodontic treatment of newborns and infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate using a specialized dental obturator.

Methods: An analysis was performed of treatment outcomes and clinical and diagnostic data from a cohort of patients (n=26) diagnosed with unilateral cleft of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard palate, and soft palate. The observation was carried out at the Scientific and Clinical Center “Dentistry” of Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, the National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”, and Maternity Hospitals No. 1 and No. 2 in Dushanbe. Boys accounted for 46% and girls for 54%. The age range was from birth to 6 months.

Results: Early orthodontic treatment (EOT) was provided to 18 patients (69%) with complete unilateral congenital cleft of the upper lip, alveolar process, hard palate, and soft palate during the preoperative period. The use of a specialized dental obturator during the neonatal and infant periods contributed to improved configuration of the maxillary alveolar arch. In the control group, which included 8 patients (31%) who did not receive EOT, complications included rotation and protrusion of the anterior segment of the maxillary alveolar process, accompanied by increased deformation of the nasal ala and nasal tip. These patients also developed pathological habits that aggravated secondary deformities under normal sucking load.

Conclusion: Successful implementation of the therapeutic program and subsequent rehabilitation of patients with unilateral congenital clefts require an integrative approach based on close cooperation within an interdisciplinary team of specialists and active involvement of parents in the treatment process.

Keywords: Unilateral congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate, early orthodontic treatment, dental obturator.

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Authors' information:

Abdurakhmonov Abdugafor Zoirovich,
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6533-0279
SPIN: 1209-8456
Author ID: 1109678
E-mail: abdurahmonov.abdugafor@mail.ru

Postnikov Mikhail Aleksandrovich,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Samara State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2232-8870
SPIN: 6696-8870
Author ID: 777942
E-mail: postnikovortho@yandex.ru

Gazhva Svetlana Iosifovna,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Dentistry, Privolzhsky Research Medical University
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6121-7145
SPIN: 9564-4580
Author ID: 293304
E-mail: stomfpkv@mail.ru

Madieva Galatmo Boboevna,
Neonatologist, City Maternity Hospital No. 2 of the Health Department of Dushanbe
ORCID ID: 0009-0000-9582-0893
E-mail: madievaGB@mail.ru

Saidumarov Asomiddin Nuriddinovich,
Director of the Clinical Training Center of Dentistry, Khatlon State Medical University
ORCID ID: 0009-0003-5105-5984
E-mail: asomiddin.saidumarov@inbox.ru

Information about support in the form of grants, equipment, medications

The authors did not receive financial support from manufacturers of medicines and medical equipment

Conflicts of interest: No conflict

Address for correspondence:

Abdurakhmonov Abdugafor Zoirovich
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University

734026, Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Sino str., 29-31

Tel.: + 992 (010) 734646

E-mail: abdurahmonov.abdugafor@mail.ru


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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