ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Dentistry
doi: 10.25005/2074-0581-2025-27-3-664-671
DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF IDENTIFYING PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS OF PROSTHETIC PERIODONTITIS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

N.A. SHEVKUNOVA¹,, E.A. BULYCHEVA²,³,, V.N. TREZUBOV²,, YU.V. ALPATIEVА²,³

1 Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
2 Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry and Materials Science with a Course in Adult Orthodontics, First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
3 Department of Additional Education in Dental Specialties, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation

Objective: To assess the diagnostic significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in selecting antibacterial therapy for periodontal disease in individuals with removable partial dentures (RPDs) in the setting of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Methods: A total of 74 individuals (34 men and 40 women) of middle and old age, ranging from 53 to 76 years, who were using RPDs, were examined and treated. The participants were divided into two groups: the main group (MG), which consisted of 39 patients with T2DM, and the control group (CG), which included 35 individuals without any medical conditions. During the clinical and laboratory study, moderate to severe periodontitis was diagnosed in both the MG and CG, 33/39 and 19/35, respectively. All participants received antibacterial therapy. The choice of antibiotics was based on the sensitivity of the periodontal pathogens in the prosthetic mucosal bed, which was determined using the PCR assay. The following parameters were assessed before and after treatment, including changes in the composition of periodontal pathogens, the severity of periodontitis, the periodontal index (PI) scores, and the levels of salivary sialic acids.

Results: A study found that RPDs worsen periodontal diseases in 92% of the MG patients, which is three times higher than the CG, at 31% (p<0.001). The PCR assay, both before and after antibacterial therapy, allowed researchers to identify a decrease in bacterial load of key periodontal pathogens: Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (previously named Bacteroides forsythus and Tannerella forsythensis), Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in the microflora of the prosthetic mucosal bed. This approach led to a 76% reduction in the severity of periodontitis, a 51% decrease in PI, and a 12% reduction in salivary sialic acid levels.

Conclusion: The PCR diagnostics can be valuable in guiding antibacterial therapy in patients with T2DM using RPDs by identifying specific periodontal pathogens and their levels, allowing for targeted and effective treatment.

Keywords: Removable partial dentures, periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, PCR diagnostics, sialic acids.

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Authors' information:

Shevkunova Natalia Alekseevna,
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Izhevsk State Medical Academy
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2540-3311
SPIN: 6848-3674
Author ID: 907239
E-mail: shevkunova.natalia@mail.ru

Bulycheva Elena Anatolyevna,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Additional Education in Dental Specialties, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University; Professor of the Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry and Materials Science with a Course in Adult Orthodontics, First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov
Researcher ID: АВF-5577-2020
Scopus ID: 23488100900
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1175-5682
SPIN: 9228-0418
Author ID: 281991
E-mail: dr.bulycheva.elena@gmail.com

Trezubov Vladimir Nikolaevich,
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Materials Science with a Course in Adult Orthodontics, First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov
Researcher ID: W-2147-2017
Scopus ID: 7004188450
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0532-5632
SPIN: 2588-7283 vAuthor ID: 616504
E-mail: trezubovvn@mail.ru

Alpatieva Yulia Viktorovna,
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Additional Education in Dental Specialties, Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University; Assistant at the Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry and Materials Science with a Course in Adult Orthodontics, First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7112-2310
SPIN: 4650-4508
Author ID: 797614
E-mail: alpateva1981@mail.ru

Information about support in the form of grants, equipment, medications

The authors did not receive financial support from manufacturers of medicines and medical equipment

Conflicts of interest: No conflict

Address for correspondence:

Shevkunova Natalia Alekseevna
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Izhevsk State Medical Academy

426034, Russian Federation, Izhevsk, Kommunarov str., 281

Tel.: +7 (919) 9191810

E-mail: shevkunova.natalia@mail.ru


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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